Is there anything outside the universe? When the 'observable universe' is not all we see A group of scientists from NASA believe they have witnessed the impact of 'something' located outside our universe.
outside the universe – About 13.7 to 8 billion years ago, a small speck expanded rapidly with heat, energy, and countless amounts of matter, and in less than one second, an enormous space was created that humans call the “universe.” The next time the event was called the “Big Bang.”
But even before we knew what was happening, Einstein, the creator of the theory of relativity himself, believed that the universe we live in today had been “this way” forever, and would remain this way forever. That is, he believed that the universe was stable, static, and did not move. No expansion or contraction
But this is not the case. In 1929, Edwin Hubble, an American astronomer, found clear evidence that the universe around us is expanding at a speed proportional to the distance. He stated that distant galaxies are moving away from us faster than nearby galaxies. This means that the universe is expanding. We later learned that the speed was about 73 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
The visible universe
Basically, since the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago, we know this number by measuring what's called the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Astronomers and physicists have measured the “first light” since the Big Bang.
For humans to see, light is needed. Therefore, they estimated that the photon (unit of light) was more ancient than it traveled to become visible. Having traveled more than 93 billion light-years, these numbers and units can be confusing to the average person.
The universe is 13.8 billion years old, while its width is 93 billion light-years. The reason the universe is older than it is is due to expansion in the example above. These velocities are calculated from the point of view of distant galaxies. We will have regions where the space of the universe is expanding faster than the speed of light.
This does not contradict the theory of relativity, which states that nothing can “move” faster than light. But distant galaxies are not “moving”, rather the space between objects is expanding, and thus space is expanding at a faster rate than light. So we have the first light of the universe that has outlived its actual age. The visible universe
“These galaxies exist in a space field centered around the Earth. What we call the ‘observable universe’ is actually about 93 billion light-years away, while the universe is ‘inflating’ at a speed much faster than the speed of light in the first millisecond of its existence.” ) said a former radio astronomer at the California Institute of Technology.
What followed was more certain than drenching in flour. You don't have to be a scientist to be able to think backwards. If the universe is expanding now that means it once must have been smaller than this. And it made me think more. If so, what does it expand on? Or is it easier? Is there anything surrounding our world?
“dark stream”
Scientists have asked many questions about this problem. Some have suggested that it is possible that the observable universe is actually smaller than the universe, or that the observable universe is approximately the same size. Or it will be, as many people think. The real universe is larger than the visible universe.
But proving all these concepts is very difficult. But this also means that we will not be able to verify anything at all. One idea scientists use is to first know the exact shape of the universe. This can be tested by examining whether light traveling to us travels the same amount of time.
“Cosmologists are not sure whether the universe is infinitely large or how big it is. In measuring the universe, astrophysicists Paul M. Souter instead look at the curvature of the universe. The large-scale geometric curves of the universe tell us about its general shape.” “If the universe were completely geometrically flat, it could be infinite, and if it were curved like the surface of the Earth, its size would be finite.”
For example, if we find that light from a galaxy takes 9 billion years to reach Earth from one direction, and at the same time, the same light has traveled in the opposite direction for 4 billion years. We can see some evidence that the universe is shaped much stranger than we thought. It all depends on the curvature of the universe.
But all measurements seem to point to a completely flat universe. This means that the real universe could be infinite. Some believe that our universe is expanding in some way, which a NASA team discovered in 2013.
“The cluster exhibits somewhat strange but measurable velocities. Which do not depend on the expansion of the universe. The observed distribution of matter in the universe does not change with this motion,” said Alexander Kashlinsky of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Simply put, at the edge of the visible universe. Scientists have seen some galaxies in the region exhibit strange behavior: Instead of staying steadily apart, they “wobble” slightly in unexplained ways. They believe galaxies or such objects are influenced by things outside the observable universe
And what's there is big enough to build. “Dark flow” or dark flow as the researchers called it. This may indicate that our universe is not as seamless as previously thought. (More broadly) The research generated controversy almost immediately.
Some believe that outside the visible universe there are also galaxies, stars and other objects, but their light cannot be transmitted to Earth for observation. While some go further and say that there may actually be “another universe” in contact with our own
It can be anything really: a large accumulation of matter and energy. Or strange distortions of objects that create strong gravity. Or it's something we don't know at the moment. The “dark stream” remains controversial. Finding evidence is very difficult. However, there was nothing for humans to worry about.
“It is possible that our three-dimensional world is embedded in a larger multi-dimensional structure. But that's okay,” M. Sutter said. Perhaps this is part of a new physics paradigm. But we currently have no way to test this. However, it does not really affect the day-to-day operations of the universe.
They hope to one day see clearer evidence. No matter what the real universe is but one thing can be absolutely certain. Human curiosity is endless.
Researched and edited by Witit Borompichaichartkul
Origin
https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.4004
https://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/ryden.1/ast162_9/notes40.html
https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.03884
https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_shape.html
https://www.space.com/whats-beyond-universe-edge
https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/the-universe-edge
https://futurism.com/what-lies-beyond-the-edge-of-the-observable-universe
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